Roulette is a game that is often referred to using superlatives. I’ve seen it called the oldest casino game or the best-loved casino game. I’ve also seen it called the game with the most betting strategies aimed at it.

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Some of those superlatives are deserved, while others are less deserved. I doubt that roulette is really the oldest casino game being played. Craps seems like it has a claim to that, too, even though historically, it didn’t get played the same way.

Blackjack has a long and storied history, too. The way blackjack is played also changed over the decades and centuries, though.

But roulette is no different. Even though it’s an old game, the way it is played has changed over the years.

This post offers you an up to date explanation and description of how roulette is played in modern casinos.

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The title of the post, “How to Play Roulette Like a Pro,” is more than a little tongue-in-cheek. No one plays roulette as a pro, because it’s a negative expectation game. If you really want to play roulette “as a pro,” your best bet is to operate your own casino.

The best you can hope for, really, is to play roulette like an educated gambler. This post will enable you to do that.

You Can’t Beat Roulette in the Long Run

Before I even get into the details of how to actually play the game, I want to make sure you understand that you cannot beat roulette in the long run. You’ll find plenty of gambling gurus who want to tell you otherwise. They either have betting systems for sale, or they want to teach you how to spot a biased wheel and take advantage of that.

I’ll explain why later in this post, but don’t expect to find any betting systems in this post which will help you beat the game in the long run.

A biased wheel is a roulette wheel where the balance is off or where there’s some kind of imperfection in the mechanism of the game. At one time, you could probably find such games with regularity. In 21^st century American casinos, though, the equipment is well-made, to begin with. It’s also regularly replaced, so it rarely has a chance to wear out.

I’ll have more to say about the futility of trying to find a biased roulette wheel later in this post, too.

But first I want to talk about the game of roulette and how to play.

The Chips, the Roulette Table Layout, and the Roulette Wheel

Besides the croupier (the dealer) and the players, you have 3 aspects of a roulette game to consider:

• The chips
• The table layout
• The wheel

The chips, of course, are what you use to place your bets. You’ll exchange cash for the chips at the roulette table, not the cage, and the chips used at the roulette table are different from the chips used at the other games. That’s because each roulette player is assigned her own color of chips. That way the casino can easily track who won which bets. You can’t use the roulette chips at other table games, so don’t even try.

The layout is the area on the table where you place your bets. It’s arranged in numerical order from left to right and from top to bottom, in 3 columns. The columns look like this:

1	2	3
4	5	6
7	8	9
10	11	12
13	14	15
16	16	18
19	20	21
22	23	24
25	26	27
28	29	30
31	32	33
34	35	36

At the top of these columns, you’ll also have a 0 and a 00 on an American roulette game. (If it’s a European style roulette game, there will only be a 0.) You’ll sometimes see these variations referred to as double-zero roulette and single-zero roulette. I’ll have more to say about the difference in the 2 versions later in this post.

Also, even though the above table is in black and white, on an actual roulette table, the numbers will be in white on a red or black background. (The 0 and/or the 00 are green rather than red or black.) These colors correspond to the colors of the numbers on the roulette wheel, too.

Half of these 36 numbers are black; the other half are red, as follows:

Red Numbers:	Black Numbers:
1	2
3	4
5	6
7	8
9	10
12	11
14	13
16	15
18	17
19	20
21	22
23	24
25	26
27	28
30	29
32	31
34	33
36	35

If you place a bet on any of the specific numbers, or on any of the lines between the numbers, you’re placing an “inside bet.”

If you place a bet on any of the boxes or columns outside of that grid (which aren’t pictured above), you’re placing an “outside bet.”

The outside bets are clearly labeled, too. You’ll have the following outside bets to choose from:

1-18	1st Dozen
19-36	2nd Dozen
Red	3rd Dozen
Black	1st Column
Even	2nd Column
Odd	3rd Column

The wheel has all the right numbers and colors on it, but not organized in a way that correlates with the layout at all. The wheel is basically a bowl-shaped wheel with pockets on the outside. The croupier spins a ball on the lip above the wheel as it spins, and when the ball lands, the winners of the bets are determined.

If you start with the 0 and go clockwise around the wheel, the wheel is laid out as follows:

0, 2, 14, 35, 23, 4, 16, 33, 21, 6, 18, 31, 19, 8, 12, 29, 25, 10, 27, 00, 1, 13, 36, 24, 3, 15, 34, 22, 5, 17, 32, 20, 7, 11, 30, 26, 9, 28

This is based on the standard American roulette wheel, which is the one most of my readers will encounter most of the time at the casino.

You should understand a couple of things about the numbers and colors on the roulette wheel:

• You have 38 possible outcomes—numbered 0, 00, and 1 through 36.
• 18 of these numbers are black, 18 of them are red, and the other 2 are green. (The 0 and the 00 are green; half the other numbers are black, and the other half are red.)

How the House Gets Its Edge in Roulette

If you want to play roulette “like a pro,” you must understand the percentages and probabilities behind the game. The first thing to understand is the fundamental formula for probability:

Therefore, a probability is always a fraction—a number between 0 and 1. It can be expressed as a fraction, a decimal, or a percentage, uou can also express a probability in odds terms.

With roulette, a bet on the ball landing on the 1 has a probability of 1/38. You have 1 possible outcome that wins, but you have 38 possible outcomes.

That 1/38 can be expressed as a fraction, as I’ve just done. Or it can be expressed as a decimal or a percentage, which would be 0.0263 or 2.63%.

If you wanted to express it as odds, you’d express that as the number of ways you can lose versus the number of ways you can win—in this case, 37 to 1.

If you compare the odds of winning to the payout odds for the bets, you’ll find a discrepancy.

A bet on a single number (like the bet on 1) pays off at 35 to 1. Since the odds of winning are 37 to 1, there’s a clear difference. That difference can be quantified as a percentage—an average amount the casino expects you to lose per bet mathematically.

To find that average, you just assume 38 theoretically perfect spins and calculate how much you’ll win or lose on them. Since you’ll lose 37 times, and once for 35 units, you have a difference of 2—average that out over 38 spins, and you get an average of 5.26% lost per spin.

That’s the house edge.

It’s a long term expectation, and in the short run, it doesn’t matter much.

But the casino is playing in the long run, and if you think long term, you will be, too—eventually. The lower that house edge is, the less money you’ll lose over time.

On a European or single-zero wheel, the house edge is significantly lower—2.70%.

If you spent a week playing an American roulette game and a week playing a European roulette game, you’d lose less money during your week playing European roulette (probably).

As it turns out, the payoff odds versus the odds of winning on almost all the bets available at the roulette table gives the same edge—5.26% or 2.70%. There’s only one exception, and I’ll cover it in the next section on roulette bets.

The Variety of Roulette Bets, Their Names, and the Odds Associated with Each of Them

As we already discussed, you have inside bets and outside bets. When I was a younger gambler, I preferred the outside bets, as they won more often. They had lower-sized payouts, though.

As an older gambler, I prefer to win more money less often if I have to choose. Your approach can vary based on which you prefer.

In the long run, there’s no mathematical advantage over the inside bets or over the outside bets. They all have the same house edge.

Inside Bets

The En Plein Bet – This is also called a “straight up” bet. You bet on a single number, which pays off at 35 to 1 if it hits. The odds of winning are 37 to 1.

The Cheval Bet – This is also called a “split bet.” You place your chip on the line between 2 numbers, and you win if either of those numbers hit. You can even use this bet on the 0 and the 00. The odds of winning this bet are 2/38, or 19 to 1. The bet pays off at 18 to 1.

The Transversale Bet – This is a 3-number, which is also sometimes called a “street” or “trio” bet. You place your chip on the outside border of the 3 numbers you want to wager on. The odds of winning this bet are 3/38, and the bet pays off at 11 to 1.

The Carre Bet – You might have noticed a pattern here, and if so, good for you—this is a 4-number bet. It’s also called a “corner bet.” You can only place this bet on 4 numbers that form a square on the layout, and you place your chips on the intersection of the 4 lines in the middle of that square. This one wins 4/38 of the time, and it pays off at 8 to 1.

The 5 Number Bet – This is an important bet to remember, because it has a higher house edge than the other bets on the table. It’s also called the “basket” bet, and you can only bet on one set of numbers—the 0, 00, 1, 2, and 3. The odds of winning are 5/38, but the payoff is 6 to 1. The house edge on this bet is 7.89%, as opposed to the 5.26% house edge you’ll see on all the other bets.

The Sixain Bet – This is also called the “line bet.” You place your wager on the outside intersection of 2 rows of 3 numbers, which makes it a 6-number bet. The odds of winning, of course, are 6/38, and the payoff is 5 to 1. This is the inside bet with the best odds of winning, but the payoff is such that the house still has the same edge.

Outside Bets

The Colonne Bet – This is also called a “column bet.” You bet on all 12 of the numbers in one of the 3 columns on the layout. The odds of winning are 12/38, and the bet pays off at 2 to 1.

The Douzaine Bet – This is also called a “dozens bet.” You’re betting on 12 numbers again, but this time the numbers are based on their numeric value rather than which column they’re in. You can bet on the 1^st, 2^nd, or 3^rd dozen, which is the 1-12, 13-24, or 25-36. This has the same odds of winning and the same payout as the Colonne bet.

The Impair Bet (or the Pair Bet) – This is a bet on odd or even. The 0 and the 00 count as neither odd nor even. This bet pays off at even money.

The Passe Bet (or the Manque Bet) – This is a bet on high or low. The low would be the numbers 1 through 18, while the high would be 19 through 36. 0 and 00 count as neither high nor low. This also pays off at even money.

The Rouge Bet (or the Noir Bet) – This is a bet on red or black. 0 and 00 are green, so would lose for either bet. This also pays off at even money.

These would be bets where neither side had an edge IF the 0, and the 00 weren’t on the wheel. In fact, all the bets on the roulette table would be break-even propositions in the long run if it weren’t for the 0 and the 00.

Understanding the importance of the 0 and the 00 is the beginning of roulette wisdom.

Trying to Beat the Wheel

The so-called roulette experts have 2 ways of trying to beat the wheel:

• Betting systems
• Biased wheels

Let’s talk about roulette betting systems first. A betting system is a strategy for raising and lowering the size of your bets based on what happened on previous spins. The most common of these is the Martingale System.

I don’t have space to cover every possible betting system, but the Martingale System is as good an example of why these betting systems don’t work as I could imagine.

Here’s how the Martingale works:

After every losing bet, you double the size of your wager until you win. You do this repeatedly until you win. The idea is that long losing streaks are unlikely, so you’ll consistently see a one-unit profit at the end of a streak.

You bet $10 on black and lose. You bet $20 on black and lose again. You bet $40 on black and lose a 3^rd time in a row. You bet $80 on black, and now you win, which leaves you with a net profit of $10 for the 4 bets. (You lose $70 on the 1^st 3 bets, which you won back—plus $10—on that 4^th bet.

This seems like a foolproof system, and if you had an unlimited bankroll and no maximum betting limit, it would be a foolproof system.

But you don’t have an unlimited bankroll. And even if you did, you’d still face a maximum bet.

When you’re doubling the bet after every loss, the size of the bets get big faster than you could expect. If you lose that 4^th bet in a row in the example above, you would need to bet $160 on the next spin, then $320, then $640, then $1280, and then $2560.

That’s only 9 losses in a row.

You might think it’s practically impossible to lose an even money bet 9 times in a row, but it happens several times a day at any casino with a couple of roulette wheels.

And most casinos have a maximum bet of $500, which means if you lose 6 times in a row, the casino won’t let you place the next bet in your progression.

The best case scenario for the Martingale is that you’ll see a lot of small winning sessions, and you’ll see an occasional huge loss that will compensate for it and then some.

Now let’s consider the possibility of finding a biased wheel. This is a roulette wheel where certain numbers come up more often than they should statistically. A slight variation in probability is all it would take to make bets on certain numbers profitable.

You’d only need to clock the results at a roulette wheel for a few thousand spins to be sure you’ve actually found a roulette wheel with a bias toward certain numbers. Then you’d need to make sure you continued to play at that casino and on that wheel.

Of course, it’s possible you’d spend hours clocking a wheel only to find that it isn’t biased, or that it doesn’t have enough of a bias to get you an edge over the casino.

Worse, you might think you’ve found a biased wheel, but the casino might move that roulette wheel or replace it between shifts when you’re not there. Casinos don’t leave roulette wheels in the same place 24X7, 365 a year.

Betting systems and biased wheels are not realistic ways to beat roulette

Conclusion

You’re thinking that I promised you a post about how to play roulette like a pro, but I haven’t given you a way to win.

That’s because there is no way to win at roulette in the long run.

If you want to gamble professionally, find a game where you can get a mathematical edge—like blackjack or poker.

Your best hope with roulette is to get lucky and have some fun while you’re at it. Professional gamblers do play roulette, but they don’t play roulette professionally or for a living.

They play for fun.

If you REALLY want to play roulette like a pro, play for fun.

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By Ion Saliu, Founder of Roulette Mathematical Strategies

I. Mathematics of Winning Roulette Strategy, Systems
II. Glamour and Attraction of Roulette on Gamblers
III. Statistical Analysis of Roulette Spins (Double- Zero)
IV. Free Winning Roulette Systems #1
• Ion Saliu's Paradox and the game of roulette
• Relation of Birthday Paradox to roulette strategies
V. Free Winning Roulette Systems #2
VI. Ion Saliu's Roulette, Gambling Theory, Software Compared to Other Roulette Systems, Strategies
VII. Roulette Links, Resources, Software, Systems

1. The Mathematical Foundation of Winning Roulette Strategy and Systems

First captured by the WayBack Machine (web.archive.org) on March 11, 2000.

The true book of roulette is founded on mathematics, probability theory and statistical analysis of casino roulette spins and random roulette spins. The winning roulette systems, strategies are totally free at this website; the software is free to run with a reasonable membership fee to download.

The common belief in the gambling world is related to the roulette wheel bias. Many kokodrilos (big–time gamblers) swear by the wheel in the sky that they make millions by exploiting the roulette wheel bias. There are plenty of legends. The wheels must have been terribly worn out.

I do have some problems and some remarks regarding the bias of the roulette wheel. I have done the most thorough research in this field. My tool of choice is computer software. My roulette software is not only unique, but founded on solid mathematics. I have analyzed both real–life casino roulette spins and random–generated spins. The reports are very much the same.

Nobody will ever be able to tell which one is the real spin report and which one is the report on computer–generated roulette spins. The number frequencies are the same. I apply a key parameter in my analysis: the SKIP. The skip represents the number of spins between two hits of the same roulette numbers. Again, the skips are the same for both real–life spins and randomly generated roulette spins. The statistical parameters are in accordance to theory of probability. You will see a statistical report on this page, and another one on a different page.

Wheel bias might occur sometimes. It's hard and costly to check very often every roulette wheel in a casino. Later on this page you will see an event of possible wheel bias I witnessed in a real casino. The data sample was not very large, however.

• The second roulette pairing statistical report I told you about is very interesting. If there is roulette wheel bias, then each roulette number must be followed preponderantly by certain numbers. I call this feature number pairing. It is a common feature that occurs in lottery as well. The pairing is also a feature in computer-generated roulette spins. The roulette pairing is not the result of mechanical bias. It is the result of probability theory, IF the results are compatible with the normal probability rule.

I analyzed 1968 real roulette spins recorded at the Hamburg, Germany casino, February 1 – 6, 2000. File name: HAMB00.DAT, component of the BrightR integrated roulette software, systems, utilities.

The results are categorized by the following parameters, in order:
Table or Wheel (Tisch) – Day (Tag) – Month (Monat) – Year (Jahr).

I downloaded the spins at one roulette table or wheel (#1) for the entire month of January 2006. File name: HAMB0106.WH1; 7990 lines (draws or spins) in text format; the last draw of 31 January 2006 is at the very top of the file (line #1). The file contains roulette numbers (spins) only, one number per line. The casino results files have also other data, such as frequency and various statistics. The files also have dashed lines (----) which probably represent dealer changes at that particular roulette table.

HAMB0106.WH1 represents the best recording format for roulette: table by table. Do not mix the spins from different roulette wheels in the same file.

I remarked that same-number repeats are far less frequent than different-number pairing. One roulette number is followed by itself slightly less than once in 1000 spins (on average). But the same number is immediately followed by a different number (best pairing) 3 or 4 times in 1000 spins.

2. The Glamour and Attraction of Roulette on Humans Named Gamblers

This roulette theory is absolutely unique. Nobody has ever come up with similar ideas. It is founded on the Fundamental Formula of Gambling and the WL streaks (winning/losing). Nobody, other than myself has ever put together a mathematical relation between probability and the W/L streaks. I am the first one to state that theory of probability is the science of the winning/losing streaks.

I know firsthand how casinos have reacted to my roulette and gambling strategies. They are highly anxious because they can't figure out my systems. Some figured out that I might count losing streaks, or winning streaks, or dealer bust streaks, etc. Of course, I do my best not to let the casinos gain knowledge of my strategies. That's the reason why I do not sell the roulette system unless the customer signs that he/she is not affiliated with a casino whatsoever. It would be illegal for a casino to get their hands on my systems.

Then, I am posed, mockingly, this puzzling fact: Roulette is unbeatable. Great thinkers, such as D'Alembert and Einstein, designed roulette systems that actually fail. I believe Einstein was joking when he presented his infamous roulette system: Always double-up after a loss! What a huge mistake! Like any scientist, Einstein was fascinated with numbers and the unknown, as the roulette game provides. He was, however, very busy with his theory of relativity. He just did not allocate more time to the roulette phenomenon. Otherwise, Einstein's mental programs would have come up with a winning gambling (and roulette) system based, indeed, on the winning/losing streaks. Also, be mindful that Einstein was a religious man. He might as well be the most intelligent mystic who ever lived.

One issue concerns the reaction of casinos to this roulette system and strategy. You may be asked not to use pencil and paper at the roulette table. I stress here that the casinos have NO right to prohibit the use of pencil and paper on the premises. Such an act would represent a form of discrimination. Don't let yourself be intimidated. We all have rights under the law. The courts of law are wide open, including to class action suits.

Finally, I advise against the use of these roulette systems in a cyber casino (online). Internet gambling is prone to very serious fraud. Read the Gambling Odds, House Edge, Integrity, Fraud page for details based on observation and logic. Among other types of fraud: The higher your bet, the higher the probability you will lose it!

3. Statistical Analysis of Roulette Spins (Double-Zero)

Following is a fragment of the report generated by the roulette softwareSpins. It does not show all data, obviously. The program simulates a roulette game with 0 and 00. Number 37 represents double-zero (00).

The roulette numbers can hit-and-miss in a wild manner. Some numbers can hit frequently in a session (hot numbers). At the other end of the spectrum, some numbers can miss (skip) many spins (roulette sleepers). It is not unusual for a number or two to miss well over 100 consecutive roulette spins!

The FFG median of all skips, however, abides by undeniable mathematical rules (probability formulas). The skip median for single-zero roulette is 25; the skip median for zero-zero roulette is 26.

Many gamblers play roulette strategies based on hot numbers and/or sleeping numbers. I tend to disregard the sleepers by favoring the repeat numbers. You can get acquainted with my roulette strategy founded on the Birthday Paradox in the next section. Axiomatic gambling colleague of mine, you might want to keep a keen eye on that marquee (the casinos should turn it on at every table!)

4. The Free Winning Roulette System #1

Did you jump directly here from the top? I recommend you go back and start with the beginning. You need some information that I do not repeat here. The free roulette system I will present now is not included in the licensed roulette strategy package. As I explained many times, I give away freebies when I am certain I have far better systems, strategies, or software. On the other hand, I received several requests to give more details on how my systems work and what makes them tick. The predominant opinion is that nobody can play roulette for a profit consistently. Here is just one proof to the contrary. This is a real thing: a winning roulette system. There is also real life data to back it up. The skips presented here are collected from the Hamburg, Germany casino roulette.

• A diligent, disciplined player can make a weekly profit by COVERING ALL THE NUMBERS BUT FOUR PLAYING NO MORE THAN 10 SPINS A DAY. The four numbers discarded of are the last four spins. You wait patiently, not playing, until the following event occurs. When one of the last four numbers hits again, you get ready to play. You cover all the numbers (0 and 00 including) but the numbers in the last FIVE spins (four numbers to play, because one is a repeat). You place 34 2-unit straight-up bets. Chances are you will win most of the time.
• Next roulette spin, you make the same bet, using now three units per number (you are using some casino money). The first time you won 38-36=2 units; 2 units times 2 = 4 bets profit. The second time: you won 2 units x 3 = 6 units. Total profit per two plays: 10 units. Things are not always like this. Handy Brandy could lose sometimes the first bet. It happens very rarely, but one of the last four roulette numbers will hit again in consecutive sequence.

In most cases, Handy Brandy wins two times in a row without any of the last four roulette numbers repeating. He goes immediately to another table. He knows that the long run 'kills' the casino roulette player more than anything else.

After winning at the second table too, Handy Brandy usually cashes out. He runs out of the casino. Sometimes he might try doing the same things at the third table, but never more than winning at three roulette tables. The player will do the same thing the next day at a different casino and again at another casino... Here is illustrative data from the Hamburg casino. The following figures do NOT represent roulette numbers, but SKIPS. The skips, as in the frequency reports above, represent the number of roulette spins between hits.

9 5 57 17 30 18 0 3 13 25 6 0 4 17 2 24 0 4 3 15 13 8 21 2 23 2 6 7 7 10 3 3 17 10 15 11 1 15 3 1 24 11 10 2 3 13 6 12 3 3 24 6 10 21 4 8 9 8 0 20 7 21 7 18 6 0 17 4 13 5 2 6 16 0 2 4 0 7 0 7 1 8

A figure such as 57 represents the skip of a particular roulette number. That particular roulette number (the 3rd most recent in our database) hit after 57 spins. That is, if we look at index 57+3 in our database, we'll find the same number again. Zero in the string above does not represent the 'green 0' (roulette number 0). It means that a particular number hit two spins in row, or hit in two consecutive spins. It couldn't be clearer now.

This page has been written by addition, rather than from the ground up. I added instead of editing and rewriting the material from top to bottom. The page also shows my growing in my linguistic English shoes! It is also clear that a force inside fights me from being too clear! No gambler has ever been more generous with his/her secrets than me!

The casino roulette software program Spins (also SuperRoulette) offers the best graphical representation of this free system. Page-down to the end of the frequency report. The system of interest is named Play all roulette numbers except for the last 5 spins. The report also recommends playing immediately following two consecutive misses (indicated by the – sign).

You only play at the points marked 0 (zero). That's when the last number is a repeat from the previous 5 roulette spins. You will play as above the next 3 points where the skip is zero. In many cases, it's after the third win in a row when you can encounter a string like 0 0. When that happens, you will lose 34 * 2 = 68 units. You improve your chances further when you leave after you won at three roulette tables. You should expect to lose once a week.

Ion Saliu's Paradox and Roulette

Ion Saliu's Paradox of N Trials is presented in minute mathematical detail at SALIU.COM, especially the probability theory page and the mathematics of gambling formula. If p = 1 / N, we can discover an interesting relation between the degree of certainty DC and the number of trials N. The degree of certainty has a limit, when N tends to infinity. That limit is 1 — 1/e, or approximately 0.632...

• If you play 1 roulette number for the next 38 roulette spins, common belief was that you expected to win once. NOT! Only if you play 38 numbers in 1 spin, your chance to hit the winning number is 100%. Here is an interesting table, which includes also the Free Roulette System #1 in the last row.

The maximum gain comes when playing 38 roulette numbers in one spin: 36.3%. Obviously, it makes no sense to play that way because of the house advantage. On the other hand, a so-called wise gambler is more than happy to play one number at a time. What he does is simply losing slowly! Not only that, but losing slowly is accompanied by losing more. That cautious type of gambling is like a placebo. A roulette system such as the Free Roulette System #1 scares most roulette gamblers. 'Play 34 or 33 numbers in one shot? I'll have a heart attack!' In reality, the Free Roulette System #1 offers a 28.8% advantage over playing singular numbers in long sessions. In fact, the gain is higher since the bets are placed at optimal moments. That's mathematics, and there is no heart to worry about.

• You can also use SuperFormula to calculate all kinds of probabilities and advantage percentages, including roulette bets. The option L — At least M successes in N trials is a very useful instrument. If you play 19 numbers in one spin, the probability to win is 50%. If you play 19 numbers in 2 consecutive roulette spins, the probability to win at least once is 75%.

Relation of the Birthday Paradox to roulette
The connection between the Birthday Paradox and the game of roulette is extraordinarily appealing to some gamblers. Unfortunately, the appeal has a thin mathematical foundation. The roulette game draws one and only one number at a time. The birthday paradox requires at least two elements. At least two persons in a room..., etc.

Astuce Roulette Pro 5

If the roulette would draw 10 numbers at a time, the probability would be 72.7% that at least two of the numbers would be equal to one another (i.e. duplicates). But even if the roulette game would consist of 10 spins at a time, the birthday paradox would have nothing to do with predicting the numbers. Some gamblers make the following illogical connection. If I consider 10 roulette spins at a time, in 72.7% of the cases, at least two of the roulette numbers will be repeaters.

So, if I play the last 10 numbers, the chance is very good (almost 3 out of 4 cases) that one of the numbers will repeat next! Wow! That would bankrupt every casino on the planet in a few days! If the roulette strategy would hold true, the probability would rise to 99.8% that the next spin will repeat a number from the last 20 roulette spins! Virtually, play the last 20 numbers and win every time. The cost is 20 units, the payout is 36 units, and therefore that roulette player would make a profit of 16 units in every play!

The cold truth is that the famous and appealing Birthday Paradox merely shows the percentage of sets with duplicate elements in the total elements of an exponential set. That's all. So, unsuspecting roulette enthusiasts do NOT rely on the birthday paradox when playing roulette with real money. If you do, don't ask me for a refund later! Mathematically, it is correct to expect that one of the numbers in the last 26 spins will repeat next with a better than 50-50 chance. It is the median skip calculated by the Fundamental Formula of Gambling. Real life roulette spins and randomly generated roulette numbers validate this law — always.

• I did check, however, several roulette tables in Atlantic City, 2004. I did not find one, not one, roulette marquee showing unique numbers only. Out of 15 numbers, some were repeats — from 3 to 7 repeat numbers. Problem is, the skips between Birthday Paradox situations reached 8+ spins sometimes!
• If I had checked 100 roulette marquees (in Atlantic City), I could have seen four tables showing all-unique roulette numbers! The probability of 15-number roulette strings with repeaters is 96%. Probably some players wait for 5 or 6 or so skips and then apply the Birthday Paradox. The average amount of unique roulette numbers to play is 12. We must win in two spins to make a profit.
• Eventually, I devised a roulette system based onBirthday Paradox formulas, marquee numbers. Apply it intelligently by checking first several tables. Select marquees that show 8+ unique numbers at the top; if not available, start at a roulette table showing the longest string of unique numbers.

The Super Roulette gambling software adds kind of a new system to the Free Roulette System #1. The program adds two more columns to the report. Instead of tracking only the last 5 spins, Roulette tracks also the last 15 spins as displayed on the roulette marquee.

The relation to the Free Roulette System #1. What is the probability that two randomly drawn roulette numbers (spins) will be the same in a group of 5 roulette numbers? It is a Birthday Paradox with 38 birthdays. Instead of 5 persons, we deal with 5 randomly drawn roulette numbers. The probability of at least two collisions (coincidences, or repeats) is: 24%. It's scary for the players of the Free Roulette System #1.

Fortunately, the roulette wheel does not draw 5 numbers at a time. The reports of SPINS show you a more optimistic story. The reports are validated by real-life roulette spins, in a real-life casino. Actually, the analyses of roulette repeats must go much deeper. The roulette probability here refers to chunks of N numbers; e.g. 5 unique roulette numbers versus 5-number groups with at least one repeater...

Months after I published the mathematics of roulette related to the Birthday Paradox, I received negative reports from roulette players around the world. Quite a few casinos decided to turn off the electronic displays (marquees) at the roulette tables. Gamblers say that the decision of casino executives depends on how roulette players stare at the marquees and if the players take notes of the roulette numbers... and especially if they bet big and win big!

I also discovered wide piracy of my mathematical analysis of the Birthday Paradox as a potential roulette system. Even weeks after I published my roulette analysis, there were absolutely no other references on the Internet. Now, there is thousands of roulette systems derived from the Birthday Paradox as I presented it! Beware of other acts of piracy! You can find further information in the roulette resources section of this page.

5. The Free Winning Roulette System #2

An alleged casino executive made me kick him out and also fix the ill-fated James Bond roulette system. He posted on my message board with the intent to intimidate my guests. He made me angry as my response to him indicates! Plenty hot! The Bondish system is based on the first two douzaines

Astuce Roulette Pro Avis

: Play together 1-12 & 13-24. The scheme can be extended to any 2-to-1 bets. I offer the power of the standard deviation to improve James bond fictitious system. You can start with my free software SuperFormula, option S = Standard Deviation. You can also use as a training tool my other roulette programs, like Spins and especially Super-Roulette .

The Free Roulette System #2 is presented on Web page: James Bond Roulette System in the Taliban Desert.

By the way, if your bankroll is smaller, you can apply this system in 50-spin sessions.

One more tip. It is possible for a two-dozen (two-column) group to hit more than seven times in a row; or, more than seven out of 10 times. If that happens, you rode a very favorable standard deviation tide. Cash out immediately and move to another table!

My article and the system were provoked by an alleged casino top executive.
'I am currently theChairman of the MGM Grand Casino, and I was advised of this site by way of a memo sent to me.'

In a way, the alleged executive's message is an endorsement of my gambling systems. If the systems were not valid, why bother to risk being rear-end kicked by an understandably angered author? I want to stress again that the casinos have no legal grounds for banning record keeping by the players. Record keeping is also a requirement of tax laws. The rules of private entities do not take precedence over the national laws.

That's how the Free Roulette System #1 came to life as well. I am aware of such tendency now and I believe I have it under control. It will give the player and edge, without a doubt. I have checked for thousands of spins, broken down in 100-spin sessions. There are clearly two situations.

One, the roulette player wins 65 or FEWER spins; it is a losing session. The player counts 100 spins. The player started with 100 chip-units. At the end of the roulette table session, the player counts 61 units. The result was under the standard deviation. Remember to increase the bet the next session.

Two, the player wins 66 or MORE roulette spins; it is a winning session. The player counts 100 spins. The player started with 100 chip-units. At the end of the session, the player counts 69 units. The result was above the standard deviation (calculated for roulette probabilities). Remember to decrease the bet the next session.

The fluctuations in the roulette systems are mathematical, considering the game is totally fair. In an online casino, for instance, the fluctuations go mostly in the favor of the house. The house has to win above the standard deviation — always! Or especially when player's bet is high! That's anything but fairness! This roulette system does not even require strict record keeping. The player can just put aside a chip for each session played, and for each 10-spin roulette groups.

6. Ion Saliu's Roulette, Gambling Theory, Software Compared to Other Roulette Systems

My gambling theory, including roulette, is founded on mathematics, specifically the Fundamental Formula of Gambling (FFG). Also, everything I set out in my software must be validated mathematically to the best of my knowledge.

In all honesty, I don't see anything out there that offers better ways to winning at gambling or roulette. I wish there was something easier and more efficient than my approach. Nothing, honestly. IF my casino gambling methodology doesn't win the — there is absolutely nothing to accomplish such daunting tasks. Never will be, if my research has been futile. In the end, it's all about streaks and skips, no matter what the phenomenon is. The skips (misses) are shorter and the streaks are longer if the probability is higher; and vice versa.

The rest of the roulette gambling theory is nothing more than static progression betting and/or clocking the speed of the roulette wheel.

Static progression betting has virtually NO mathematical validity. The number of roulette skips (misses between wins) can be staggering. The winning/losing streaks are dynamic; they flow. It is random, but FFG discerns with various degrees of certainty DC how the streaks move.

Clocking the speed of the roulette wheel is an illusion the myths are made of. NASA sophisticated instruments may be able to measure precisely the speed of the roulette wheel. But NO instrument can predict the landing position of the spinning ball on the roulette wheel. The wheel deflectors randomize the movement regardless of the speed. Of course, it is absolutely impossible for any roulette player to clock the roulette wheel speed precisely, even if the casinos allowed the use of any instruments or computers on the premises.

Not to mention the thorough tests conducted by the manufacturers of roulette wheels. They certainly perform tests regarding the wheel speed and the landing of the spinning roulette ball. They probably run the roulette wheel at exactly the speed v (rotations per minute) for a number of runs R. They note that the roulette ball is landing randomly; i.e. in various positions on the wheel. They change the wheel speed and run another batch of tests. They notice the randomness of the ball landing. It is a strong fact regarding the roulette wheel. The same speed of the roulette wheel leads to highly random landing positions (roulette numbers).

I did notice bias, however. It was due to the wear of the roulette wheel. Probably the deflectors of the roulette wheel were worn out. The wheel was malfunctioning, anyhow, I think. We can divide the roulette wheel in two sections based on the last number drawn. There are 38 numbers in double-zero roulette. The last number drawn, plus 9 numbers to its left on the roulette wheel layout, plus 9 numbers to the right on the layout = make up the inside hemisphere of the roulette wheel. The other 19 numbers make-up the outer hemisphere.

The next number should be FFG-equally distributed between the two wheel hemispheres. That is, the roulette insiders and roulette outsiders should be FFG-equally distributed. I tracked the spins at a roulette table in Atlantic City. To my (belated) dismay, the ratio was 80% to 20% biased towards the outer hemisphere! Actually, two roulette dealers — a woman and a man — shifted at the table during that continuous run! So, it was not a so-called roulette dealer's signature! It was a malfunctioning of the roulette wheel.

It is likely that the casinos have no knowledge of such phenomenon. But tracking the landing in the roulette inner hemisphere and the outer hemisphere is pretty hard to accomplish when actually playing roulette in a casino.

Later on, I decided to release special roulette software that works with the roulette wheel sectors and the Birthday Paradox. Program name: RouletteHemis; software category 5.5.

Right now, I cannot see any casino roulette gambling system better than mine. That's the only way, like my gambling theory and software do: Track the winning and the losing streaks and their corresponding skips (misses). Apply the Fundamental Formula of Gambling (FFG). There will be some no playing moments (or play the minimum bet); other situations demand a higher roulette bet. It is hard work, but nothing else works better. It might not be attractive to the faint at heart or the illusion-drinker.

Read Ion Saliu's first book in print: Probability Theory, Live!
~ Founded on valuable mathematical discoveries with a wide range of scientific applications, including probability theory applied to roulette gambling, software, real winning systems.

Roulette: Software, Systems, Super Roulette Strategy

See a comprehensive directory of the pages and materials on the subject of roulette, software, systems, and the Super Strategy.

• BrightR: High-Powered Integrated Roulette Software.
  It bundles in a convenient system the most important pieces of roulette software, accompanied by a visual tutorial.
• The Best-Ever Roulette Strategy, Systems based on mathematics of progressions and free-for-all.
• The Best Strategy for Lottery, Gambling, Sports Betting, Horse Racing, Blackjack, Roulette.
• An inventory of free and outrageously pricedroulette systems from many gambling developers.
• Roulette Software, Systems: Wheel Positioning, Slots, Sectors, Birthday Paradox.
  Of course, my theory, system, and software were pirated already! An Australian group behind the website named genuinewinner.com already sells a $2,500 roulette system. Their advertising logo reads in a picture): We consider which HALF of the wheel the ball landed in. - 'Roulette System that Won Millions!'
• Roulette System: Wheel Halves, Sectors, Layout, Bias Betting
  ~ The original roulette system that was pirated and distributed at exorbitant prices.
• Probability, Odds to Win Roulettein Various Number of Spins: To Be Ahead and Quit.
• The James Bond Roulette System in the Taliban Desert.
• 'Roulette Systems', Threats from Casino Chairman.
• Anti-gambler Advice: John Patrick, Casino Mole, Conspirator.
• Wizard of Odds Gambling Fallacy, Ion Saliu Gambling Theory.
• Casinos pay troubled individuals to intimidate intelligent gambling system authors.
• Demise of Gambler's Fallacy, Reversed Gambler's Fallacy, Streaks, including roulette.
• Gamblers' Fallacy, Doctrine of Maturity of Chances, Roulette, Gambling Systems.
• Download Software for Casino Gambling, Roulette, Blackjack.

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